Summary
- Exports
- $14.8billion
- Imports
- $8.4billion
- Trade balance
- +$6.4billion
Products
What it exports
Coal (55.9%) and copper ore (22.5%) together make up 78.4% of its exports.
What it imports
Cars (12.3%) and trucks (7.1%) together make up 19.4% of its imports.
By Harmonized System chapter (96)
| Chapter | Exports | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 27 · Oil, gas and coal | $8.7 billion | $261 million |
| 26 · Ores and slag | $4.3 billion | $492 thousand |
| 71 · Gems and precious metals | $862 million | $137 million |
| 51 · Wool | $232 million | $7 million |
| 25 · Salt, stone and cement | $182 million | $16 million |
| 74 · Copper | $138 million | $4 million |
| 16 · Prepared meat and fish | $76 million | $15 million |
| 02 · Meat and offal | $66 million | $57 million |
| 08 · Fruit and nuts | $44 million | $42 million |
| 12 · Oilseeds and grains | $43 million | $985 thousand |
| 61 · Knitted clothing | $38 million | $36 million |
| 76 · Aluminum | $20 million | $80 million |
| 05 · Other animal products | $20 million | $135 thousand |
| 84 · Mechanical machinery | $16 million | $1.6 billion |
| 39 · Plastics | $9 million | $214 million |
| 78 · Lead | $8 million | $207 thousand |
| 29 · Organic chemicals | $5 million | $16 million |
| 62 · Woven clothing | $5 million | $31 million |
| 41 · Hides and leather | $4 million | $223 thousand |
| 89 · Ships and boats | $4 million | $18 million |
| 88 · Aircraft and spacecraft | $4 million | $204 million |
| 01 · Live animals | $4 million | $915 thousand |
| 15 · Fats and oils | $2 million | $12 million |
| 85 · Electrical and electronic equipment | $2 million | $763 million |
| 10 · Cereals | $2 million | $29 million |
| 20 · Preserved fruit and vegetables | $2 million | $51 million |
| 49 · Books and printed matter | $2 million | $13 million |
| 23 · Animal feed and food waste | $2 million | $9 million |
| 87 · Vehicles | $1 million | $2.1 billion |
| 94 · Furniture and lighting | $1 million | $116 million |
| 63 · Home textiles and used clothing | $1 million | $31 million |
| 90 · Precision and medical instruments | $1 million | $135 million |
| 22 · Beverages and spirits | $1 million | $106 million |
| 64 · Footwear | $1 million | $29 million |
| 65 · Hats | $953 thousand | $2 million |
| 57 · Carpets and rugs | $658 thousand | $9 million |
| 21 · Food preparations | $566 thousand | $103 million |
| 73 · Iron and steel products | $499 thousand | $441 million |
| 04 · Dairy, eggs and honey | $475 thousand | $35 million |
| 97 · Art and antiques | $377 thousand | $135 thousand |
| 40 · Rubber | $374 thousand | $186 million |
| 13 · Gums and plant extracts | $316 thousand | $2 million |
| 35 · Glues, starches and enzymes | $303 thousand | $22 million |
| 33 · Perfumes and cosmetics | $293 thousand | $94 million |
| 95 · Toys and sports gear | $291 thousand | $24 million |
| 42 · Leather goods and bags | $239 thousand | $9 million |
| 19 · Baked goods and cereal products | $207 thousand | $85 million |
| 09 · Coffee, tea and spices | $207 thousand | $10 million |
| 30 · Pharmaceuticals | $186 thousand | $143 million |
| 82 · Tools and cutlery | $155 thousand | $17 million |
| 24 · Tobacco | $154 thousand | $77 million |
| 31 · Fertilizers | $149 thousand | $2 million |
| 17 · Sugar and sweets | $108 thousand | $44 million |
| 91 · Watches and clocks | $99 thousand | $8 million |
| 72 · Iron and steel | $92 thousand | $196 million |
| 44 · Wood | $87 thousand | $71 million |
| 68 · Stone, plaster and cement articles | $80 thousand | $43 million |
| 79 · Zinc | $79 thousand | $147 thousand |
| 18 · Cocoa and chocolate | $62 thousand | $43 million |
| 48 · Paper and paperboard | $54 thousand | $89 million |
| 03 · Fish and seafood | $46 thousand | $923 thousand |
| 83 · Miscellaneous metal goods | $44 thousand | $18 million |
| 11 · Milling products and malt | $38 thousand | $9 million |
| 36 · Explosives and matches | $34 thousand | $7 million |
| 86 · Railway equipment | $30 thousand | $63 million |
| 54 · Synthetic filaments | $24 thousand | $6 million |
| 34 · Soap and cleaning products | $17 thousand | $48 million |
| 07 · Vegetables | $17 thousand | $65 million |
| 56 · Felt, nonwovens and rope | $17 thousand | $6 million |
| 69 · Ceramics | $13 thousand | $44 million |
| 38 · Miscellaneous chemicals | $13 thousand | $59 million |
| 92 · Musical instruments | $12 thousand | $948 thousand |
| 55 · Synthetic staple fibers | $12 thousand | $9 million |
| 43 · Fur and fur goods | $11 thousand | $197 thousand |
| 06 · Live plants and flowers | $6 thousand | $3 million |
| 70 · Glass | $6 thousand | $42 million |
| 67 · Feathers and artificial flowers | $5 thousand | $107 thousand |
| 28 · Inorganic chemicals | $4 thousand | $17 million |
| 96 · Other manufactured goods | $3 thousand | $10 million |
| 60 · Knitted fabric | $3 thousand | $412 thousand |
| 59 · Coated and technical textiles | $2 thousand | $5 million |
| 58 · Special fabrics and lace | $2 thousand | $619 thousand |
| 14 · Other plant products | $2 thousand | $9 thousand |
| 66 · Umbrellas and canes | $2 thousand | $273 thousand |
| 32 · Dyes, paints and tanning agents | $722 | $22 million |
| 50 · Silk | $447 | $157 thousand |
| 52 · Cotton | $140 | $1 million |
| 37 · Photographic goods | $135 | $980 thousand |
| 45 · Cork | $111 | $129 thousand |
| 46 · Wicker and basketware | $63 | $93 thousand |
| 47 · Wood pulp | $0 | $4 million |
| 93 · Weapons and ammunition | $0 | $3 million |
| 53 · Other plant fibers | $0 | $280 thousand |
| 75 · Nickel | $0 | $136 thousand |
| 81 · Other base metals | $0 | $55 thousand |
| 80 · Tin | $0 | $258 |
Trading partners
China is its main destination (92.2% of exports) and source (54% of imports).
Who it sells to
| Partner | Value (USD billions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 13.6 | 92.2% | Land |
| Switzerland | 0.86 | 5.8% | Air |
| Italy | 0.06 | 0.44% | Air |
| South Korea | 0.04 | 0.24% | Sea |
| United States | 0.02 | 0.16% | Sea |
| Finland | 0.02 | 0.16% | Sea |
| Japan | 0.02 | 0.15% | Sea |
| Thailand | 0.02 | 0.14% | Sea |
| France | 0.02 | 0.12% | Air |
| Hong Kong | 0.01 | 0.1% | Air |
Who it buys from
| Partner | Value (USD billions) | Share | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 4.5 | 54% | Land |
| Japan | 1.1 | 13.1% | Sea |
| South Korea | 0.58 | 7% | Sea |
| United States | 0.38 | 4.5% | Sea |
| Germany | 0.23 | 2.8% | Sea |
| Singapore | 0.23 | 2.8% | Air |
| Turkey | 0.14 | 1.6% | Sea |
| Kazakhstan | 0.12 | 1.4% | Air |
| Switzerland | 0.11 | 1.4% | Air |
| Poland | 0.09 | 1.1% | Sea |
Overview 1995–2024
In 2024, Mongolia accounted for 0.06% of world exports, compared with 0.01% in 1995.
Exports and imports
Exports grew 54-fold since 1995
USD billions (current). Bars: trade balance (green surplus, red deficit).
- Exports 14.8
- Imports 8.4
- Balance +6.4
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | $274 million | $261 million | $13 million |
| 1996 | $579 million | $626 million | -$47 million |
| 1997 | $572 million | $631 million | -$59 million |
| 1998 | $438 million | $619 million | -$181 million |
| 1999 | $406 million | $621 million | -$214 million |
| 2000 | $602 million | $718 million | -$116 million |
| 2001 | $621 million | $738 million | -$117 million |
| 2002 | $575 million | $701 million | -$126 million |
| 2003 | $716 million | $966 million | -$250 million |
| 2004 | $986 million | $1.2 billion | -$213 million |
| 2005 | $1.2 billion | $1.4 billion | -$174 million |
| 2006 | $1.7 billion | $1.7 billion | -$33 million |
| 2007 | $2.1 billion | $2.2 billion | -$99 million |
| 2008 | $2.1 billion | $3.1 billion | -$995 million |
| 2009 | $1.7 billion | $2.4 billion | -$725 million |
| 2010 | $3.1 billion | $3.4 billion | -$344 million |
| 2011 | $4.4 billion | $6.3 billion | -$1.9 billion |
| 2012 | $4.5 billion | $7.1 billion | -$2.6 billion |
| 2013 | $4.6 billion | $6.6 billion | -$2 billion |
| 2014 | $6.2 billion | $5.5 billion | $736 million |
| 2015 | $5.2 billion | $4 billion | $1.2 billion |
| 2016 | $5.8 billion | $3.6 billion | $2.2 billion |
| 2017 | $7 billion | $4.6 billion | $2.4 billion |
| 2018 | $7.6 billion | $6.1 billion | $1.6 billion |
| 2019 | $8 billion | $6.4 billion | $1.7 billion |
| 2020 | $8.4 billion | $5.5 billion | $2.9 billion |
| 2021 | $10.2 billion | $7.1 billion | $3.2 billion |
| 2022 | $13.2 billion | $8.9 billion | $4.3 billion |
| 2023 | $15.8 billion | $9.6 billion | $6.3 billion |
| 2024 | $14.8 billion | $8.4 billion | $6.4 billion |
World rank
Mongolia rose from 140th to 85th among the world's exporters
Rank among 222 countries by export value (1st at the top).
- 140th in 1995
- 85th in 2024
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Year | Rank |
|---|---|
| 1995 | 140th |
| 1996 | 130th |
| 1997 | 134th |
| 1998 | 142nd |
| 1999 | 145th |
| 2000 | 142nd |
| 2001 | 140th |
| 2002 | 142nd |
| 2003 | 143rd |
| 2004 | 140th |
| 2005 | 138th |
| 2006 | 134th |
| 2007 | 130th |
| 2008 | 138th |
| 2009 | 136th |
| 2010 | 122nd |
| 2011 | 121st |
| 2012 | 119th |
| 2013 | 121st |
| 2014 | 113th |
| 2015 | 114th |
| 2016 | 107th |
| 2017 | 104th |
| 2018 | 105th |
| 2019 | 102nd |
| 2020 | 95th |
| 2021 | 99th |
| 2022 | 96th |
| 2023 | 85th |
| 2024 | 85th |
What it sells
Oil, gas and coal became its top export group: from 1% to 59%
% of exports by Harmonized System chapter.
- Other 2%
- Meat and offal 0%
- Prepared meat and fish 1%
- Copper 1%
- Salt, stone and cement 1%
- Wool 2%
- Gems and precious metals 6%
- Ores and slag 29%
- Oil, gas and coal 59%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Chapter | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Oil, gas and coal | 1.1% | 58.9% |
| Ores and slag | 29.5% | 28.9% |
| Gems and precious metals | 19.5% | 5.8% |
| Wool | 18.5% | 1.6% |
| Salt, stone and cement | 0.02% | 1.2% |
| Copper | 0.52% | 0.93% |
| Prepared meat and fish | 0% | 0.52% |
| Meat and offal | 0.02% | 0.45% |
| Other | 30.9% | 1.7% |
Who it trades with
China went from 30% to 78% of Mongolia's trade
% of total trade (exports + imports) with each partner.
- China 78%
- Japan 5%
- Switzerland 4%
- South Korea 3%
- United States 2%
Source: CEPII BACI
Show the numbers
| Partner | 1995 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| China | 30.3% | 78.4% |
| Japan | 24.5% | 4.8% |
| Switzerland | 0.16% | 4.2% |
| South Korea | 7% | 2.7% |
| United States | 7% | 1.8% |
Production hubs
Largest industrial emission sources (Climate TRACE, 2025)
- Ulaanbaatar-4 power station
- Buuruljuut power station
Sources and methodology
Sources and licenses
- CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
- Climate TRACE · CC BY 4.0 (emissions by asset; the 3 largest per country are shown)
- Kummu et al., gridded GDP · CC BY 4.0 (hubs aggregated by this site)
- Natural Earth · Public domain
Methodology
Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Ranks are computed among the countries with data each year. Services are not included. Data up to 2024.