How dependent is Syria on Turkey?

and 95 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Turkey sells 7% of what the world exports of sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil; next come Ukraine (29.5%), Russia (24.1%) and Netherlands (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 153.3 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 20.1% of what the world exports of wheat flour; next come Kazakhstan (8.6%), Germany (8%) and Egypt (7.9%). The rest of the world exported 45.2 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 1.4% of what the world exports of refined petroleum; next come United States (11.7%), Singapore (6.3%) and South Korea (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 9,147.7 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 1.1% of what the world exports of pet and animal feed; next come Germany (9.9%), United States (9.5%) and Netherlands (8.9%). The rest of the world exported 525.3 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 9.6% of what the world exports of cement; next come Vietnam (9.5%), Egypt (7.1%) and Germany (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 160.3 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 11.5% of what the world exports of steel bars; next come China (10.8%), Malaysia (10.3%) and Italy (6.2%). The rest of the world exported 226.4 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 0.3% of what the world exports of cane and beet sugar; next come Brazil (47.2%), Thailand (6.2%) and India (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 642 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 0.39% of what the world exports of electricity; next come France (14%), Germany (6.8%) and Switzerland (6.1%). The rest of the world exported 1,098.4 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 1.7% of what the world exports of live poultry; next come Germany (18.8%), France (10.4%) and United States (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 83.4 times what Syria buys from Turkey.
• Turkey sells 4.1% of what the world exports of ceramic tiles; next come Italy (22.9%), Spain (18.6%) and China (17.3%). The rest of the world exported 404.5 times what Syria buys from Turkey.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Syria is Turkey’s 31st-largest customer, with 0.8% of its exports.

• Trade between Syria and Turkey
• Who does Syria rely on?
• Who does Turkey rely on?
• Trade profile of Syria
• Trade profile of Turkey
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.