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How much of Kazakhstan’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $28.1 billion of Kazakhstan’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 43.3% of its seaborne trade. That is $18.2 billion of exports and $9.9 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are the Netherlands, Germany and the United States.

Summary

Estimated value
$28.1billion
Of its seaborne trade
43.3%
Exports
$18.2billion
Imports
$9.9billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Kazakhstan’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar rose 86% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Kazakhstan 28.1

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$931 million54.3%
1996$1 billion41.7%
1997$1.6 billion41.5%
1998$3.1 billion54.8%
1999$1.8 billion43.7%
2000$5.1 billion57.4%
2001$5.6 billion56.7%
2002$6.4 billion54%
2003$6.6 billion52.1%
2004$7.3 billion36.1%
2005$10.2 billion39.4%
2006$12.2 billion36.1%
2007$15.2 billion35.4%
2008$19.8 billion35.7%
2009$15.2 billion38.2%
2010$19.8 billion41.8%
2011$25 billion42.9%
2012$24.9 billion39.7%
2013$24.4 billion40.4%
2014$22.3 billion36.8%
2015$15.2 billion38.5%
2016$12 billion38.9%
2017$16 billion38.5%
2018$18.5 billion37.5%
2019$15.1 billion31.6%
2020$10.9 billion31.2%
2021$14.8 billion32.9%
2022$22.1 billion32.7%
2023$19.4 billion30.4%
2024$28.1 billion43.3%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Kazakhstan–Netherlands$5.3 billion · 18.8%
  2. Kazakhstan–Germany$4.7 billion · 16.9%
  3. Kazakhstan–United States$2.6 billion · 9.1%
  4. Kazakhstan–South Korea$2.4 billion · 8.7%
  5. Kazakhstan–Japan$1.4 billion · 4.8%
  6. Kazakhstan–Poland$1.3 billion · 4.7%
  7. Kazakhstan–Morocco$1.3 billion · 4.5%
  8. Kazakhstan–Czechia$1.1 billion · 3.9%
  9. Kazakhstan–Belarus$837 million · 3%
  10. Kazakhstan–Singapore$772 million · 2.7%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$11.6 billion · 41.3%
  2. Cars$1.2 billion · 4.4%
  3. Ferroalloys$1.1 billion · 3.9%
  4. Sulfur$946 million · 3.4%
  5. Refined petroleum$799 million · 2.8%
  6. Coal$644 million · 2.3%
  7. Vehicle bodies and cabs$516 million · 1.8%
  8. Auto parts$444 million · 1.6%
  9. Tractors$355 million · 1.3%
  10. Semi-finished steel$287 million · 1%

Reference ports

Novorossiysk (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints