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How much of Poland’s trade passes through the Øresund?

In 2024, an estimated $360.2 billion of Poland’s trade passed through the Øresund, 91% of its seaborne trade. That is $157.4 billion of exports and $202.8 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are China, Italy and France.

Summary

Estimated value
$360.2billion
Of its seaborne trade
91%
Exports
$157.4billion
Imports
$202.8billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Poland’s estimated trade through the Øresund rose 50% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Poland 360

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$24.5 billion86.4%
1996$29 billion87.4%
1997$32.3 billion87.1%
1998$34.4 billion87%
1999$34.5 billion86.9%
2000$36.8 billion86.1%
2001$40.3 billion86.4%
2002$45.7 billion87.4%
2003$57.3 billion88.1%
2004$74.5 billion88.1%
2005$86.4 billion88.1%
2006$103.1 billion88.3%
2007$135.9 billion89%
2008$164.8 billion89.7%
2009$125.9 billion89.5%
2010$145.9 billion89.5%
2011$173.3 billion90%
2012$161.3 billion89.7%
2013$177.2 billion89.6%
2014$187.9 billion89.5%
2015$178.4 billion89.1%
2016$182.6 billion89.6%
2017$205.9 billion89.3%
2018$237.9 billion89.7%
2019$240 billion90.3%
2020$237.2 billion90.2%
2021$304.3 billion90.4%
2022$345.6 billion91.2%
2023$356 billion90.9%
2024$360.2 billion91%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Poland–China$46.4 billion · 12.9%
  2. Poland–Italy$30.2 billion · 8.4%
  3. Poland–France$28.1 billion · 7.8%
  4. Poland–Netherlands$23.2 billion · 6.4%
  5. Poland–United Kingdom$20.6 billion · 5.7%
  6. Poland–United States$16.4 billion · 4.6%
  7. Poland–Spain$16.2 billion · 4.5%
  8. Poland–Belgium$13.2 billion · 3.7%
  9. Poland–Hungary$12.7 billion · 3.5%
  10. Poland–Turkey$12.2 billion · 3.4%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Cars$16.2 billion · 4.5%
  2. Crude petroleum$15.4 billion · 4.3%
  3. Auto parts$15.1 billion · 4.2%
  4. Trucks$5.6 billion · 1.6%
  5. Refined petroleum$5.3 billion · 1.5%
  6. Furniture$4.7 billion · 1.3%
  7. Batteries$4.5 billion · 1.3%
  8. Seats and chairs$4.4 billion · 1.2%
  9. Cables and wire$3.6 billion · 1%
  10. Monitors and projectors$3.4 billion · 0.95%

If it closes

  • Poland–United States: +117 nautical miles, less than half a day more at 14 knots
  • Norway–Poland: +124 nautical miles, less than half a day more at 14 knots
  • Denmark–Poland: +57 nautical miles, less than half a day more at 14 knots

Estimated sailing detour, without costs, waiting or port capacity.

Reference ports

Gdańsk (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

The Great Belt is not included in the estimate: only the trade that crosses the Øresund is counted.

All maritime chokepoints