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Iron or steel chains: top exporters and importers (2024)

In 2024, world trade in iron or steel chains totaled $5.6 billion (1.3 million tonnes). The top exporters were China (35%), Germany (15%) and Japan (8%); the top importers were the United States (13%), Germany (6%) and Mexico (5%). Compared with 2019, the value rose 7%.

Summary

World trade
$5.6billion
Tonnes
1.3million tonnes
Price per tonne
$4,431
The largest flows between countries. Width: value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand

Top exporters

  1. China$2 billion · 34.9%
  2. Germany$859 million · 15.2%
  3. Japan$446 million · 7.9%
  4. United States$342 million · 6.1%
  5. Italy$277 million · 4.9%
  6. France$135 million · 2.4%
  7. Taiwan$110 million · 1.9%
  8. Netherlands$107 million · 1.9%
    re-exports
  9. Austria$105 million · 1.9%
  10. Czechia$102 million · 1.8%
  11. Spain$98 million · 1.7%
  12. India$82 million · 1.5%
  13. South Korea$82 million · 1.4%
  14. Thailand$75 million · 1.3%
  15. Poland$61 million · 1.1%
  16. United Kingdom$58 million · 1%
  17. Mexico$55 million · 0.98%
  18. Romania$54 million · 0.95%
  19. Sweden$45 million · 0.79%
  20. South Africa$40 million · 0.7%

Top importers

  1. United States$720 million · 12.8%
  2. Germany$345 million · 6.1%
  3. Mexico$276 million · 4.9%
  4. Japan$207 million · 3.7%
  5. China$194 million · 3.4%
  6. Canada$191 million · 3.4%
  7. France$181 million · 3.2%
  8. Netherlands$178 million · 3.1%
    re-exports
  9. United Kingdom$151 million · 2.7%
  10. Italy$144 million · 2.6%
  11. South Korea$141 million · 2.5%
  12. Australia$136 million · 2.4%
  13. Brazil$128 million · 2.3%
  14. Russia$126 million · 2.2%
  15. Indonesia$122 million · 2.2%
  16. Thailand$115 million · 2%
  17. Vietnam$101 million · 1.8%
  18. Spain$100 million · 1.8%
  19. India$98 million · 1.7%
  20. Poland$97 million · 1.7%

Trend

Who sells it

China has been the top exporter since 2003

Value in USD billions. The five largest exporters in 2024.

  • China 2
  • Germany 0.86
  • Japan 0.45
  • United States 0.34
  • Italy 0.28

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Country19952024
China0.182
Germany0.310.86
Japan0.320.45
United States0.160.34
Italy0.150.28

Price

Implied price

The price per tonne rose 24% since 1995

Current US dollars per tonne: value over the weight reported by BACI.

  • 2024: $4,431

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearUSD per tonne
1995$3,562
1996$3,431
1997$3,190
1998$3,210
1999$2,776
2000$2,917
2001$2,910
2002$2,605
2003$3,226
2004$3,134
2005$3,544
2006$3,203
2007$3,603
2008$4,251
2009$4,228
2010$4,228
2011$4,431
2012$4,339
2013$4,810
2014$4,685
2015$4,358
2016$4,984
2017$4,356
2018$4,438
2019$4,496
2020$4,424
2021$4,907
2022$4,828
2023$4,766
2024$4,431

What it includes

  • 7315 · Iron or steel chains

Products in the same chapter

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), which reconciles what exporters and importers report: countries that stopped reporting (Russia since 2022) appear with their partners’ data. FOB values in current US dollars; tonnes when BACI reports them. The price per tonne is the value of the rows with a weight divided by that weight. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Data up to 2024.

Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and Belgium re-export goods from other countries: their figures include transit.

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