How dependent is France on Spain?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Spain sells 21.7% of what the world exports of citrus fruit; next come South Africa (13.7%), China (8.6%) and Egypt (8%). The rest of the world exported 16.7 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 19% of what the world exports of other fresh vegetables; next come Mexico (21.2%), Netherlands (10.3%) and China (6.2%). The rest of the world exported 21.7 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 43.3% of what the world exports of olive oil; next come Italy (18.8%), Tunisia (10%) and Portugal (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 13.3 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 16.6% of what the world exports of pork; next come United States (18%), Germany (11.1%) and Canada (9%). The rest of the world exported 44.1 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 15.1% of what the world exports of stone fruit (cherries, peaches, plums); next come Chile (39.7%), Hong Kong (11.5%) and United States (6.7%). The rest of the world exported 39.1 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 60.8% of what the world exports of worked slate; next come China (13.8%), Brazil (6%) and India (4.1%). The rest of the world exported 1.3 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 21.6% of what the world exports of melons, watermelons and papayas; next come Mexico (14%), Brazil (9.9%) and Guatemala (8.1%). The rest of the world exported 19.7 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 29.1% of what the world exports of lettuce and chicory; next come United States (16.9%), Mexico (15.8%) and Italy (8.2%). The rest of the world exported 14.5 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 20.8% of what the world exports of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli; next come China (21.8%), United States (10.5%) and Mexico (10.4%). The rest of the world exported 35.9 times what France buys from Spain.
• Spain sells 26.2% of what the world exports of cucumbers and gherkins; next come Mexico (24.1%), Netherlands (16.6%) and Canada (14.5%). The rest of the world exported 39.4 times what France buys from Spain.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

France is Spain’s 1st-largest customer, with 13.6% of its exports.

• Trade between France and Spain
• Who does France rely on?
• Who does Spain rely on?
• Dependence of France on China
• Dependence of France on Switzerland
• Dependence of France on Belgium
• Dependence of France on Italy
• Dependence of France on South Korea
• Dependence of France on Germany
• Dependence of France on Morocco
• Dependence of France on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of France on Brazil
• Dependence of France on the Netherlands
• Dependence of France on Australia
• Dependence of France on Canada
• Trade profile of France
• Trade profile of Spain
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.