How dependent is France on Germany?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 3.9% of what the world exports of semi-finished steel; next come Russia (19.8%), Brazil (11.9%) and China (10.7%). The rest of the world exported 49.7 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 22.3% of what the world exports of copper plates and strip; next come China (13.2%), Japan (12.4%) and South Korea (7.5%). The rest of the world exported 26.6 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 10% of what the world exports of steel wire rod; next come China (17.5%), Italy (5.5%) and Japan (4.5%). The rest of the world exported 63.6 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 8% of what the world exports of wheat flour; next come Turkey (20.1%), Kazakhstan (8.6%) and Egypt (7.9%). The rest of the world exported 42.8 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 17.6% of what the world exports of pulp and papermaking machinery; next come China (21.4%), Finland (15.2%) and Sweden (7.4%). The rest of the world exported 43.8 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 7.5% of what the world exports of alloy steel ingots and semi-finished products; next come Brazil (16.7%), Mexico (12.3%) and Italy (8%). The rest of the world exported 44.3 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 9.6% of what the world exports of artificial graphite; next come China (47.8%), Japan (6.6%) and United States (6.3%). The rest of the world exported 36.4 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 18.1% of what the world exports of crude glycerin; next come Indonesia (33.6%), Malaysia (11.7%) and Brazil (8.3%). The rest of the world exported 46.1 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 28% of what the world exports of hydraulic brake fluids; next come United States (16.3%), United Kingdom (9.3%) and Switzerland (5.8%). The rest of the world exported 22.3 times what France buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 18.5% of what the world exports of decals; next come China (18.2%), Taiwan (11.4%) and Japan (7%). The rest of the world exported 29.3 times what France buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

France is Germany’s 3rd-largest customer, with 6.7% of its exports.

• Trade between France and Germany
• Who does France rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of France on China
• Dependence of France on Switzerland
• Dependence of France on Spain
• Dependence of France on Belgium
• Dependence of France on Italy
• Dependence of France on South Korea
• Dependence of France on Morocco
• Dependence of France on the United Kingdom
• Dependence of France on Brazil
• Dependence of France on the Netherlands
• Dependence of France on Australia
• Dependence of France on Canada
• Trade profile of France
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.