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Hydrogen and rare gases: top exporters and importers (2024)

In 2024, world trade in hydrogen and rare gases totaled $12.9 billion (5.9 million tonnes). The top exporters were China (17%), the United States (14%) and Germany (12%); the top importers were China (12%), Japan (10%) and Germany (9%). Compared with 2019, the value rose 27%.

Summary

World trade
$12.9billion
Tonnes
5.9million tonnes
Price per tonne
$2,185
The largest flows between countries. Width: value; color: estimated transport mode.SeaAirLand

Top exporters

  1. China$2.2 billion · 17.1%
  2. United States$1.9 billion · 14.4%
  3. Germany$1.6 billion · 12.1%
  4. Qatar$1 billion · 8%
  5. Algeria$557 million · 4.3%
  6. Brazil$486 million · 3.8%
  7. Norway$484 million · 3.7%
  8. France$477 million · 3.7%
  9. Malaysia$406 million · 3.1%
  10. Vietnam$388 million · 3%
  11. Canada$365 million · 2.8%
  12. Japan$329 million · 2.5%
  13. Kazakhstan$270 million · 2.1%
  14. Belgium$240 million · 1.9%
    re-exports
  15. Netherlands$219 million · 1.7%
    re-exports
  16. Russia$210 million · 1.6%
  17. Taiwan$144 million · 1.1%
  18. Spain$138 million · 1.1%
  19. South Korea$131 million · 1%
  20. Australia$130 million · 1%

Top importers

  1. China$1.5 billion · 11.9%
  2. Japan$1.3 billion · 10%
  3. Germany$1.2 billion · 9.2%
  4. United States$922 million · 7.1%
  5. Vietnam$922 million · 7.1%
  6. South Korea$810 million · 6.3%
  7. France$669 million · 5.2%
  8. Taiwan$521 million · 4%
  9. India$440 million · 3.4%
  10. Thailand$406 million · 3.1%
  11. Malaysia$384 million · 3%
  12. United Kingdom$368 million · 2.8%
  13. Netherlands$283 million · 2.2%
    re-exports
  14. Italy$269 million · 2.1%
  15. Singapore$234 million · 1.8%
    re-exports
  16. Poland$199 million · 1.5%
  17. Canada$159 million · 1.2%
  18. Mexico$157 million · 1.2%
  19. United Arab Emirates$154 million · 1.2%
  20. Belgium$125 million · 0.97%
    re-exports

Trend

Who sells it

China has been the top exporter since 2024

Value in USD billions. The five largest exporters in 2024.

  • China 2.2
  • United States 1.9
  • Germany 1.6
  • Qatar 1
  • Algeria 0.56

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
Country19952024
China0.312.2
United States0.391.9
Germany0.231.6
Qatar01
Algeria0.010.56

Price

Implied price

The price per tonne rose 224% since 1995

Current US dollars per tonne: value over the weight reported by BACI.

  • 2024: $2,185

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearUSD per tonne
1995$674
1996$697
1997$699
1998$642
1999$574
2000$852
2001$906
2002$960
2003$705
2004$1,218
2005$1,445
2006$1,742
2007$2,233
2008$3,685
2009$3,291
2010$3,429
2011$3,062
2012$2,328
2013$2,105
2014$2,524
2015$2,104
2016$2,153
2017$1,957
2018$2,021
2019$1,680
2020$1,742
2021$2,046
2022$3,297
2023$2,405
2024$2,185

What it includes

  • 2804 · Hydrogen and rare gases

Products in the same chapter

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), which reconciles what exporters and importers report: countries that stopped reporting (Russia since 2022) appear with their partners’ data. FOB values in current US dollars; tonnes when BACI reports them. The price per tonne is the value of the rows with a weight divided by that weight. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. Data up to 2024.

Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and Belgium re-export goods from other countries: their figures include transit.

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