How dependent is Romania on Germany?

and 17 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 16.1% of what the world exports of catalysts; next come United States (21.8%), North Macedonia (9.6%) and Poland (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 86.3 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.5% of what the world exports of ball and roller bearings; next come China (19.9%), Japan (11.9%) and United States (7.9%). The rest of the world exported 138.4 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 15.3% of what the world exports of physical and chemical analysis instruments; next come United States (21.2%), Japan (10.2%) and China (7.9%). The rest of the world exported 253.9 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 4.8% of what the world exports of capacitors; next come Japan (25.8%), China (25%) and Philippines (5.6%). The rest of the world exported 236.6 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 11.1% of what the world exports of resistors; next come China (23.2%), Japan (10.5%) and Taiwan (8.4%). The rest of the world exported 74.7 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 10.3% of what the world exports of aircraft parts; next come United States (30.1%), United Kingdom (11.8%) and France (10.8%). The rest of the world exported 753.8 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 10.1% of what the world exports of magnets and electromagnets; next come China (45.7%), Japan (8.5%) and Vietnam (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 110.4 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 6.9% of what the world exports of primary cells and batteries; next come China (34.9%), United States (7.8%) and Indonesia (7.4%). The rest of the world exported 152.7 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.2% of what the world exports of mounted lenses and objectives; next come China (21.2%), Japan (15.6%) and Taiwan (15.2%). The rest of the world exported 284.1 times what Romania buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.7% of what the world exports of carbon fiber and other mineral articles; next come United States (16.2%), China (15.5%) and Japan (10.1%). The rest of the world exported 270.6 times what Romania buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Romania is Germany’s 16th-largest customer, with 1.7% of its exports.

• Trade between Romania and Germany
• Who does Romania rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of Romania on Kazakhstan
• Dependence of Romania on Bulgaria
• Dependence of Romania on Italy
• Trade profile of Romania
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.