How dependent is Romania on Bulgaria?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Bulgaria sells 0.18% of what the world exports of natural gas and LPG; next come United States (18%), Norway (11%) and Australia (10%). The rest of the world exported 617.4 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 13.9% of what the world exports of bombs, missiles and ammunition; next come United States (23.7%), Poland (11.3%) and South Korea (6.5%). The rest of the world exported 28.6 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 0.59% of what the world exports of coal tar oils; next come United States (10.3%), Netherlands (8.4%) and India (8.4%). The rest of the world exported 582.9 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 2.6% of what the world exports of plasterboard and plaster articles; next come Mexico (14.3%), Germany (11.3%) and China (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 79.6 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 1.5% of what the world exports of other sugars; next come United States (14.6%), China (13.8%) and Thailand (10.6%). The rest of the world exported 333.1 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 0.17% of what the world exports of rice; next come India (29.3%), Thailand (17.2%) and Vietnam (10.5%). The rest of the world exported 1,474.5 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 0.57% of what the world exports of natural sand; next come United States (18.4%), Australia (10.5%) and Cambodia (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 225.2 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 1.4% of what the world exports of barite; next come India (19.7%), China (16%) and Morocco (15.2%). The rest of the world exported 305.7 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 0.85% of what the world exports of quinoa, millet and other cereals; next come Peru (11.7%), Poland (11.5%) and Canada (9.5%). The rest of the world exported 402.2 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.
• Bulgaria sells 0.45% of what the world exports of ammonia; next come Trinidad and Tobago (20.6%), Saudi Arabia (13%) and Indonesia (8.5%). The rest of the world exported 4,207.3 times what Romania buys from Bulgaria.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Romania is Bulgaria’s 2nd-largest customer, with 11.9% of its exports.

• Trade between Romania and Bulgaria
• Who does Romania rely on?
• Who does Bulgaria rely on?
• Dependence of Romania on Kazakhstan
• Dependence of Romania on Germany
• Dependence of Romania on Italy
• Trade profile of Romania
• Trade profile of Bulgaria
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.