How dependent is the Netherlands on Germany?

and 33 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 6.8% of what the world exports of electricity; next come France (14%), Switzerland (6.1%) and Austria (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 60.1 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.2% of what the world exports of mounted lenses and objectives; next come China (21.2%), Japan (15.6%) and Taiwan (15.2%). The rest of the world exported 15.2 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 10.9% of what the world exports of rapeseed and mustard oil; next come Canada (36.8%), Russia (9.8%) and France (5.7%). The rest of the world exported 13.4 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.8% of what the world exports of fresh milk and cream; next come France (8%), New Zealand (8%) and Belgium (7.8%). The rest of the world exported 16.5 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 18.8% of what the world exports of live poultry; next come France (10.4%), United States (8.8%) and United Kingdom (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 5.4 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 4.8% of what the world exports of capacitors; next come Japan (25.8%), China (25%) and Philippines (5.6%). The rest of the world exported 62.5 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 14.2% of what the world exports of potatoes; next come France (21.6%), Egypt (6.4%) and Canada (5.7%). The rest of the world exported 13.9 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 8.1% of what the world exports of barley; next come Australia (20.1%), France (15.6%) and Russia (10.8%). The rest of the world exported 27.9 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 2.8% of what the world exports of gold; next come Switzerland (19.2%), United Arab Emirates (10.6%) and Hong Kong (6.4%). The rest of the world exported 1,898.8 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 4% of what the world exports of petroleum coke and bitumen; next come United States (21.8%), Canada (9.4%) and Singapore (5.3%). The rest of the world exported 89.4 times what the Netherlands buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The Netherlands is Germany’s 2nd-largest customer, with 6.8% of its exports.

• Trade between the Netherlands and Germany
• Who does the Netherlands rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of the Netherlands on China
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Belgium
• Dependence of the Netherlands on the Cayman Islands
• Dependence of the Netherlands on the United States
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Brazil
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Canada
• Trade profile of the Netherlands
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.