How dependent is the Netherlands on China?

and 20 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• China sells 39.2% of what the world exports of diodes, transistors and solar cells; next come Malaysia (8.6%), Japan (7.4%) and Vietnam (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 43.9 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 50.8% of what the world exports of batteries; next come South Korea (6.1%), United States (5.4%) and Poland (5.4%). The rest of the world exported 41.1 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 59.2% of what the world exports of lamps and light fittings; next come Germany (4.7%), Mexico (4%) and Italy (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 20.7 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 58.5% of what the world exports of video game consoles and games; next come Japan (6.7%), United States (5.3%) and Germany (3.3%). The rest of the world exported 17 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 42.6% of what the world exports of amino acids and amino alcohols (lysine); next come Germany (6.8%), Singapore (6.4%) and India (6%). The rest of the world exported 20.7 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 83.8% of what the world exports of festive and Christmas articles; next come Cambodia (2.2%), India (1.4%) and Vietnam (1.1%). The rest of the world exported 6.2 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 46.5% of what the world exports of plastic floor and wall coverings; next come Vietnam (14.1%), South Korea (6.6%) and Belgium (4.8%). The rest of the world exported 33.6 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 64.3% of what the world exports of porcelain tableware; next come Germany (5.7%), France (3.6%) and Turkey (2.5%). The rest of the world exported 11 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 91% of what the world exports of artificial flowers and foliage; next come Germany (1.1%), Poland (0.55%) and Vietnam (0.52%). The rest of the world exported 1.7 times what the Netherlands buys from China.
• China sells 70.2% of what the world exports of manganese; next come Indonesia (10.2%), South Africa (6.1%) and Germany (1.4%). The rest of the world exported 2.3 times what the Netherlands buys from China.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The Netherlands is China’s 20th-largest customer, with 1.6% of its exports.

• Trade between the Netherlands and China
• Who does the Netherlands rely on?
• Who does China rely on?
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Germany
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Belgium
• Dependence of the Netherlands on the Cayman Islands
• Dependence of the Netherlands on the United States
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Brazil
• Dependence of the Netherlands on Canada
• Trade profile of the Netherlands
• Trade profile of China
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.