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Trade between Germany and the Netherlands

In 2024, Germany exported $102 billion to the Netherlands and imported $91.4 billion. Germany ran a surplus of $10.6 billion with the Netherlands, compared with a deficit of $565 million in 2019. The Netherlands was Germany’s 3rd largest trading partner (7% of its trade), and Germany was the Netherlands’ largest (16%).

Summary

Germany → Netherlands
$102billion
Netherlands → Germany
$91.4billion
Germany’s balance
$10.6billion

Balance

Germany’s trade balance with the Netherlands

Trade between Germany and the Netherlands grew 2.6-fold since 1995

USD billions (current). Germany’s exports and imports; bars: its balance (green surplus, red deficit).

  • Exports 102
  • Imports 91.4
  • Balance +10.6

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearExportsImportsTrade balance
1995$36.4 billion$37.7 billion-$1.3 billion
1996$35.3 billion$37.8 billion-$2.5 billion
1997$31.8 billion$36.7 billion-$5 billion
1998$31.8 billion$36.7 billion-$4.9 billion
1999$31.3 billion$36.2 billion-$4.8 billion
2000$29.5 billion$34.2 billion-$4.7 billion
2001$30.9 billion$36.4 billion-$5.5 billion
2002$33.4 billion$35.6 billion-$2.3 billion
2003$40.4 billion$40.6 billion-$248 million
2004$48.9 billion$48.3 billion$618 million
2005$55.4 billion$58.6 billion-$3.2 billion
2006$65.4 billion$66.7 billion-$1.3 billion
2007$71.4 billion$70.2 billion$1.2 billion
2008$82.1 billion$86.4 billion-$4.3 billion
2009$61.8 billion$66.7 billion-$4.9 billion
2010$68.8 billion$81 billion-$12.2 billion
2011$84.4 billion$103.2 billion-$18.8 billion
2012$81.5 billion$99.7 billion-$18.2 billion
2013$82.6 billion$103.2 billion-$20.6 billion
2014$82.9 billion$99.2 billion-$16.3 billion
2015$72.1 billion$86 billion-$13.9 billion
2016$75.1 billion$83.3 billion-$8.2 billion
2017$83 billion$92.7 billion-$9.8 billion
2018$92.3 billion$99.8 billion-$7.5 billion
2019$87.4 billion$88 billion-$565 million
2020$82.2 billion$80.2 billion$2 billion
2021$103.4 billion$103 billion$406 million
2022$105.8 billion$111 billion-$5.2 billion
2023$107.9 billion$102.8 billion$5.1 billion
2024$102 billion$91.4 billion$10.6 billion

What they sell each other

What Germany sells to the Netherlands

The top 10 headings in 2024, with their share of the total.

  1. Cars$7.3 billion · 7.1%
    414 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  2. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$4.1 billion · 4%
    76 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  3. Refined petroleum$3.2 billion · 3.1%
    4.2 million tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  4. Vaccines, blood and antisera$2.2 billion · 2.2%
    2 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  5. Other industrial machines$1.8 billion · 1.8%
    26 thousand tonnes
  6. Industrial fatty acids and oils$1.7 billion · 1.7%
    1.7 million tonnes
  7. Auto parts$1.7 billion · 1.7%
    175 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  8. Medical and dental instruments$1.3 billion · 1.3%
    12 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  9. Trucks$1.2 billion · 1.2%
    82 thousand tonnes · Germany’s destinations
  10. Other plastic articles$1 billion · 1%
    89 thousand tonnes

What the Netherlands sells to Germany

The top 10 headings in 2024, with their share of the total.

  1. Refined petroleum$12.5 billion · 13.7%
    17.1 million tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  2. Vaccines, blood and antisera$3.6 billion · 3.9%
    2 thousand tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  3. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$2.8 billion · 3.1%
    24 thousand tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  4. Cheese$1.7 billion · 1.8%
    313 thousand tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  5. Industrial fatty acids and oils$1.4 billion · 1.6%
    953 thousand tonnes
  6. Unwrought aluminum$1.2 billion · 1.3%
    447 thousand tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  7. Cut flowers$1.2 billion · 1.3%
    154 thousand tonnes · the Netherlands’ destinations
  8. Cameras and broadcast equipment$1.2 billion · 1.3%
    7 thousand tonnes
  9. Live plants and cuttings$1.1 billion · 1.2%
    469 thousand tonnes
  10. Cocoa butter$1 billion · 1.1%
    77 thousand tonnes

How it travels

Estimated sea route from Hamburg to Rotterdam.

The estimated sea route between Hamburg and Rotterdam is 329 nautical miles (610 km) long: ≈ 1 day at sea (at 18 and 14 knots).

It does not cross any major canal or strait.

Sailing estimate without port calls, waiting or transshipment; not a schedule. One main reference port per country: in large countries it does not represent all of its ports.

Split by transport mode

  1. Sea$39.5 billion · 20.4%
  2. Land$153.9 billion · 79.6%

Mode estimated from value per kilo and geography; both directions together.

How much each matters to the other

The Netherlands was Germany’s 3rd largest trading partner (7% of its trade), and Germany was the Netherlands’ largest (16%).

The Netherlands in Germany’s trade
6.8%
The Netherlands’ rank among Germany’s partners
3rd
Germany in the Netherlands’ trade
16.3%
Germany’s rank among the Netherlands’ partners
1st

Compare with

Other partners of Germany

Other partners of the Netherlands

Sources and methodology

Sources and licenses

Methodology

Goods trade from CEPII BACI (BACI_HS92_V202601), in current US dollars, with exports and imports reconciled between countries. The transport mode is our own estimate based on value per kilo and geography. The sea route comes from our own network derived from World Bank shipping density (not from nautical charts), between one main reference port per country (World Port Index); days are the distance at 14 and 18 knots, without port calls or waiting. Data up to 2024.

Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands and Belgium re-export goods from other countries: their figures include transit.