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How much of Indonesia’s trade passes through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore?

In 2024, an estimated $59.2 billion of Indonesia’s trade passed through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, 13% of its seaborne trade. That is $33.3 billion of exports and $25.9 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are China, Malaysia and Japan.

Summary

Estimated value
$59.2billion
Of its seaborne trade
13%
Exports
$33.3billion
Imports
$25.9billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Indonesia’s estimated trade through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore rose 56% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Indonesia 59.2

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$8.2 billion10.2%
1996$8.9 billion10.2%
1997$9.3 billion10.4%
1998$7.7 billion10.6%
1999$8 billion10.6%
2000$10.6 billion11.1%
2001$9.8 billion10.8%
2002$10.3 billion11.1%
2003$11.3 billion11.1%
2004$14.5 billion11.6%
2005$17.3 billion11.8%
2006$19.8 billion12%
2007$22.1 billion11.3%
2008$29.6 billion11.2%
2009$24.7 billion12%
2010$32.2 billion12.1%
2011$38.5 billion11.3%
2012$40.1 billion11.7%
2013$39.3 billion11.7%
2014$37.1 billion11.3%
2015$32 billion11.9%
2016$30.5 billion11.9%
2017$36.8 billion12.2%
2018$40.9 billion12.1%
2019$37.9 billion12.1%
2020$33.2 billion12.2%
2021$49.8 billion12.8%
2022$63.6 billion12.8%
2023$59.1 billion13.2%
2024$59.2 billion13%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Indonesia–China$20.3 billion · 34.3%
  2. Indonesia–Malaysia$9.2 billion · 15.6%
  3. Indonesia–Japan$4.8 billion · 8%
  4. Indonesia–Singapore$4.1 billion · 7%
  5. Indonesia–South Korea$2.9 billion · 4.9%
  6. Indonesia–Thailand$2.7 billion · 4.5%
  7. Indonesia–Bangladesh$2.6 billion · 4.3%
  8. Indonesia–United States$2.5 billion · 4.2%
  9. Indonesia–Vietnam$2.3 billion · 3.9%
  10. Indonesia–Philippines$1.8 billion · 3.1%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Coal$6.7 billion · 11.3%
  2. Refined petroleum$6.3 billion · 10.7%
  3. Ferroalloys$2.1 billion · 3.5%
  4. Palm oil$2 billion · 3.4%
  5. Lignite$1.5 billion · 2.5%
  6. Natural gas and LPG$1.4 billion · 2.4%
  7. Nickel matte$1.1 billion · 1.9%
  8. Cars$949 million · 1.6%
  9. Copper ore$893 million · 1.5%
  10. Stainless steel sheet$773 million · 1.3%

Reference ports

Jakarta (84%) and Belawan (16%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints