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How much of Vietnam’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $28 billion of Vietnam’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 7.2% of its seaborne trade. That is $23.7 billion of exports and $4.3 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are France, the United States and Spain.

Summary

Estimated value
$28billion
Of its seaborne trade
7.2%
Exports
$23.7billion
Imports
$4.3billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Vietnam’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar fell 31% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Vietnam 28

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$1.4 billion12.5%
1996$1.9 billion14%
1997$2.3 billion14.5%
1998$2.7 billion17%
1999$3.3 billion18.3%
2000$4.3 billion16.1%
2001$5 billion17.9%
2002$5.6 billion17.1%
2003$7.6 billion18.6%
2004$9.1 billion18.1%
2005$9.9 billion16.4%
2006$11.8 billion16%
2007$15.2 billion15.8%
2008$17.8 billion15.1%
2009$16.4 billion16.4%
2010$17.6 billion14.8%
2011$21 billion14.4%
2012$23 billion14.6%
2013$23.3 billion14.5%
2014$24.9 billion13.8%
2015$28 billion14.8%
2016$30.6 billion15.8%
2017$35.9 billion15.6%
2018$37.3 billion15.1%
2019$40.3 billion15.4%
2020$41.7 billion16.3%
2021$51.9 billion16.2%
2022$63.1 billion17%
2023$57.4 billion16.7%
2024$28 billion7.2%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Vietnam–France$4.6 billion · 16.4%
  2. Vietnam–United States$4.4 billion · 15.7%
  3. Vietnam–Spain$3.8 billion · 13.5%
  4. Vietnam–Italy$3.5 billion · 12.5%
  5. Vietnam–Turkey$1.8 billion · 6.6%
  6. Vietnam–Germany$1.7 billion · 6.2%
  7. Vietnam–United Kingdom$875 million · 3.1%
  8. Vietnam–Netherlands$840 million · 3%
  9. Vietnam–Slovakia$768 million · 2.7%
  10. Vietnam–Austria$563 million · 2%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Textile footwear$2 billion · 7.3%
  2. Coffee$1.2 billion · 4.5%
  3. Computer and office machine parts$1.2 billion · 4.3%
  4. Rubber and plastic footwear$1.1 billion · 3.9%
  5. Leather footwear$1.1 billion · 3.8%
  6. Furniture$697 million · 2.5%
  7. Coconuts, Brazil nuts and cashews$616 million · 2.2%
  8. Coated flat steel$576 million · 2.1%
  9. Bags, suitcases and cases$559 million · 2%
  10. Seats and chairs$536 million · 1.9%

Reference ports

Phu My (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints