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How much of the Netherlands’ trade passes through the Øresund?

In 2024, an estimated $45.5 billion of the Netherlands’ trade passed through the Øresund, 7.1% of its seaborne trade. That is $21.1 billion of exports and $24.4 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Poland, Finland and Sweden.

Summary

Estimated value
$45.5billion
Of its seaborne trade
7.1%
Exports
$21.1billion
Imports
$24.4billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

The Netherlands’ estimated trade through the Øresund in 2024 was about the same as in 2019

Value in USD billions

  • Netherlands 45.5

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$7.8 billion4.7%
1996$8 billion4.6%
1997$8.9 billion4.9%
1998$9.2 billion5.1%
1999$8.4 billion4.5%
2000$9.5 billion4.8%
2001$9.4 billion4.8%
2002$10.8 billion5.3%
2003$13 billion5.7%
2004$17.9 billion6.6%
2005$24.2 billion7.5%
2006$31.6 billion8.3%
2007$37.7 billion8.4%
2008$45.2 billion8.8%
2009$33 billion8.2%
2010$39.5 billion8.2%
2011$55.7 billion9.8%
2012$56.5 billion9.9%
2013$48.7 billion8.9%
2014$49.7 billion8.7%
2015$38.5 billion8.2%
2016$35.8 billion8%
2017$42.2 billion8.3%
2018$48.3 billion8.5%
2019$45.6 billion8.2%
2020$38.9 billion7.9%
2021$53.3 billion8.4%
2022$54.4 billion7.4%
2023$48.8 billion7.3%
2024$45.5 billion7.1%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Netherlands–Poland$23.2 billion · 51.1%
  2. Netherlands–Finland$7.7 billion · 16.9%
  3. Netherlands–Sweden$7.5 billion · 16.6%
  4. Netherlands–Lithuania$3.2 billion · 7.1%
  5. Netherlands–Estonia$1.3 billion · 2.9%
  6. Netherlands–Latvia$1.3 billion · 2.8%
  7. Netherlands–Russia$1 billion · 2.3%
  8. Netherlands–Belarus$172 million · 0.38%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Refined petroleum$3.1 billion · 6.9%
  2. Coal tar oils$1.1 billion · 2.4%
  3. Trucks$998 million · 2.2%
  4. Auto parts$953 million · 2.1%
  5. Tractors$944 million · 2.1%
  6. Cars$812 million · 1.8%
  7. Stainless steel sheet$646 million · 1.4%
  8. Seats and chairs$483 million · 1.1%
  9. Cut flowers$480 million · 1.1%
  10. Polyethylene$471 million · 1%

Reference ports

Rotterdam (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

The Great Belt is not included in the estimate: only the trade that crosses the Øresund is counted.

All maritime chokepoints