How dependent is Portugal on Germany?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 11.5% of what the world exports of spark-ignition engines; next come United States (15.8%), Mexico (8.8%) and Japan (7.3%). The rest of the world exported 98.1 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 16.1% of what the world exports of catalysts; next come United States (21.8%), North Macedonia (9.6%) and Poland (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 51.5 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 26.9% of what the world exports of special-purpose vehicles; next come China (21.4%), United States (12.3%) and Italy (6.7%). The rest of the world exported 216.5 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 4.9% of what the world exports of audio and video equipment parts; next come China (40.2%), Indonesia (11.8%) and Japan (5.3%). The rest of the world exported 40.4 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 22.3% of what the world exports of copper plates and strip; next come China (13.2%), Japan (12.4%) and South Korea (7.5%). The rest of the world exported 330.4 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 8.9% of what the world exports of flight simulators and aircraft launch gear; next come Canada (39.7%), United States (13.7%) and France (10.9%). The rest of the world exported 146.3 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 1.5% of what the world exports of fishing vessels; next come Turkey (21.3%), Spain (13.6%) and Norway (13.6%). The rest of the world exported 68.5 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 11.1% of what the world exports of resistors; next come China (23.2%), Japan (10.5%) and Taiwan (8.4%). The rest of the world exported 639.8 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 30.5% of what the world exports of other metalworking machines; next come China (23.3%), Italy (11.1%) and United States (4.3%). The rest of the world exported 146.4 times what Portugal buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 13.4% of what the world exports of technical ceramics; next come United States (16.9%), China (16.4%) and Japan (14.1%). The rest of the world exported 606.7 times what Portugal buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Portugal is Germany’s 25th-largest customer, with 0.84% of its exports.

• Trade between Portugal and Germany
• Who does Portugal rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of Portugal on Spain
• Dependence of Portugal on Ireland
• Dependence of Portugal on China
• Trade profile of Portugal
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.