How dependent is Malaysia on Indonesia?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Indonesia sells 19.9% of what the world exports of coal; next come Australia (33.5%), Russia (12.6%) and United States (10.6%). The rest of the world exported 52.9 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 44.2% of what the world exports of industrial fatty acids; next come Netherlands (7.5%), Germany (4.9%) and United States (3.7%). The rest of the world exported 4.9 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 9.4% of what the world exports of aluminum oxide and hydroxide; next come Australia (30.5%), Brazil (17%) and China (9.8%). The rest of the world exported 34.2 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 18.5% of what the world exports of stainless steel sheet; next come China (16.7%), Belgium (9.5%) and Finland (8.1%). The rest of the world exported 86.8 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 32% of what the world exports of hydrogenated fats and oils; next come Netherlands (6.9%), Germany (4.9%) and Belgium (3.9%). The rest of the world exported 15.5 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 48.7% of what the world exports of palm oil; next come Netherlands (2%), Thailand (1.9%) and Papua New Guinea (1.6%). The rest of the world exported 45.9 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 15.9% of what the world exports of writing and printing paper; next come Portugal (9.3%), China (8.4%) and Germany (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 77.3 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 20.7% of what the world exports of dissolving wood pulp; next come South Africa (13.7%), Brazil (12.6%) and United States (10%). The rest of the world exported 43.2 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 6.1% of what the world exports of coconuts, Brazil nuts and cashews; next come Vietnam (31.5%), Côte d'Ivoire (12.6%) and Tanzania (6.4%). The rest of the world exported 116.6 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 33.6% of what the world exports of crude glycerin; next come Germany (18.1%), Brazil (8.3%) and Netherlands (4.6%). The rest of the world exported 18.7 times what Malaysia buys from Indonesia.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Malaysia is Indonesia’s 6th-largest customer, with 4.5% of its exports.

• Trade between Malaysia and Indonesia
• Who does Malaysia rely on?
• Who does Indonesia rely on?
• Dependence of Malaysia on China
• Dependence of Malaysia on Australia
• Dependence of Malaysia on Brazil
• Dependence of Malaysia on Thailand
• Dependence of Malaysia on the United States
• Dependence of Malaysia on Argentina
• Dependence of Malaysia on Singapore
• Dependence of Malaysia on Japan
• Dependence of Malaysia on India
• Trade profile of Malaysia
• Trade profile of Indonesia
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.