How dependent is Italy on the Netherlands?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• The Netherlands sells 5.9% of what the world exports of unwrought nickel; next come Canada (11.8%), Norway (11.7%) and Australia (10.1%). The rest of the world exported 35.4 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 40.9% of what the world exports of live plants and cuttings; next come Germany (8.1%), Canada (5.5%) and Spain (5.1%). The rest of the world exported 25.9 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 40.4% of what the world exports of cut flowers; next come Colombia (22.8%), Kenya (8.7%) and Ecuador (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 32.6 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 10.6% of what the world exports of molybdenum ore; next come Chile (23.7%), Peru (20%) and United States (15.4%). The rest of the world exported 73.6 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 76.9% of what the world exports of bulbs, tubers and rhizomes; next come Germany (3.9%), Poland (2.1%) and Chile (2%). The rest of the world exported 7.2 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 3% of what the world exports of fireworks and flares; next come China (70%), Germany (5.4%) and United States (5%). The rest of the world exported 47.6 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 1.8% of what the world exports of gallium, germanium, chromium and other metals; next come China (27.5%), Brazil (13.7%) and United States (10.6%). The rest of the world exported 102.1 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 56.2% of what the world exports of sensitized photographic paper and textiles, unexposed; next come China (15.4%), Germany (5.5%) and Belgium (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 12.4 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 16.1% of what the world exports of ornamental foliage and branches; next come Denmark (9.5%), Canada (7.7%) and China (6.3%). The rest of the world exported 86.1 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 3.2% of what the world exports of hard rubber (ebonite) and articles thereof; next come China (23.7%), Thailand (8.2%) and Taiwan (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 39.1 times what Italy buys from the Netherlands.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Italy is the Netherlands’ 3rd-largest customer, with 6.5% of its exports.

• Trade between Italy and the Netherlands
• Who does Italy rely on?
• Who does the Netherlands rely on?
• Dependence of Italy on China
• Dependence of Italy on the United States
• Dependence of Italy on Spain
• Dependence of Italy on France
• Dependence of Italy on Germany
• Dependence of Italy on Switzerland
• Dependence of Italy on Brazil
• Trade profile of Italy
• Trade profile of the Netherlands
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.