How dependent is Luxembourg on Germany?

and 75 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 9.9% of what the world exports of ferrous scrap; next come United States (13.9%), United Kingdom (7.6%) and Netherlands (6.6%). The rest of the world exported 118.9 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 6.8% of what the world exports of electricity; next come France (14%), Switzerland (6.1%) and Austria (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 193.3 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 9.2% of what the world exports of aluminum scrap; next come United States (15.6%), Canada (5.5%) and United Kingdom (5.1%). The rest of the world exported 180.7 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 7% of what the world exports of furniture; next come China (30.8%), Vietnam (10.4%) and Italy (7.3%). The rest of the world exported 948.1 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 16.9% of what the world exports of glues and adhesives; next come China (17.4%), United States (12.2%) and South Korea (6%). The rest of the world exported 141.6 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 8.4% of what the world exports of buses; next come China (21.1%), Turkey (13%) and Japan (10.1%). The rest of the world exported 232.1 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 6.1% of what the world exports of coffee; next come Brazil (23%), Vietnam (8.4%) and Switzerland (8%). The rest of the world exported 650.4 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 7% of what the world exports of copper scrap; next come United States (14.6%), Japan (6.6%) and France (4.7%). The rest of the world exported 573.1 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 3.9% of what the world exports of semi-finished steel; next come Russia (19.8%), Brazil (11.9%) and China (10.7%). The rest of the world exported 518.6 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 56.2% of what the world exports of electric locomotives; next come Spain (11.9%), France (7.7%) and China (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 15.6 times what Luxembourg buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Luxembourg is Germany’s 41st-largest customer, with 0.41% of its exports.

• Trade between Luxembourg and Germany
• Who does Luxembourg rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of Luxembourg on Belgium
• Dependence of Luxembourg on France
• Dependence of Luxembourg on Hong Kong
• Trade profile of Luxembourg
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.