How dependent is Finland on Germany?

and 4 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Germany sells 12.4% of what the world exports of copper wire; next come United Arab Emirates (8.3%), Belgium (7.2%) and Spain (6.7%). The rest of the world exported 192.8 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 18.5% of what the world exports of 3D printers; next come China (16.8%), United States (11.7%) and Japan (6.4%). The rest of the world exported 86.5 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 11.5% of what the world exports of spark-ignition engines; next come United States (15.8%), Mexico (8.8%) and Japan (7.3%). The rest of the world exported 534.6 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 4.5% of what the world exports of meal from other oilseeds; next come Canada (19.1%), Indonesia (18.2%) and Ukraine (10.2%). The rest of the world exported 218.1 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 3.5% of what the world exports of precious metal scrap; next come United States (22.2%), Indonesia (15.7%) and Belgium (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 604.5 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 10.3% of what the world exports of float glass; next come China (10.5%), United States (7%) and Malaysia (6.7%). The rest of the world exported 137.9 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 11.1% of what the world exports of pork; next come United States (18%), Spain (16.6%) and Canada (9%). The rest of the world exported 877.8 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 56.2% of what the world exports of electric locomotives; next come Spain (11.9%), France (7.7%) and China (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 20.8 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 12.7% of what the world exports of tungsten; next come China (26.8%), United States (12.7%) and Japan (8.8%). The rest of the world exported 47 times what Finland buys from Germany.
• Germany sells 14.4% of what the world exports of uninsulated copper cable; next come Turkey (19.4%), United States (14.3%) and Saudi Arabia (9.1%). The rest of the world exported 103.5 times what Finland buys from Germany.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Finland is Germany’s 28th-largest customer, with 0.71% of its exports.

• Trade between Finland and Germany
• Who does Finland rely on?
• Who does Germany rely on?
• Dependence of Finland on Norway
• Dependence of Finland on China
• Dependence of Finland on Sweden
• Dependence of Finland on Russia
• Dependence of Finland on the Netherlands
• Trade profile of Finland
• Trade profile of Germany
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.