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How much of Greece’s trade passes through the Turkish Straits?

In 2024, an estimated $14 billion of Greece’s trade passed through the Turkish Straits, 12.6% of its seaborne trade. That is $4.9 billion of exports and $9 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Kazakhstan, Romania and Ukraine.

Summary

Estimated value
$14billion
Of its seaborne trade
12.6%
Exports
$4.9billion
Imports
$9billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Greece’s estimated trade through the Turkish Straits rose 76% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Greece 14

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$1.1 billion4%
1996$1.3 billion4.1%
1997$1.5 billion4.9%
1998$1.4 billion4.5%
1999$1.3 billion4.2%
2000$1.8 billion5.6%
2001$1.9 billion6%
2002$2.4 billion7.2%
2003$2.8 billion6.4%
2004$3.4 billion6.5%
2005$4.1 billion7.5%
2006$5.6 billion8.5%
2007$6.2 billion8.4%
2008$7.1 billion8.2%
2009$5.7 billion8.8%
2010$7.4 billion11%
2011$5.7 billion7.9%
2012$6.8 billion9.7%
2013$7.9 billion11.3%
2014$8.9 billion12.6%
2015$7 billion12.4%
2016$6.4 billion11.1%
2017$7.4 billion11.1%
2018$9.1 billion11.4%
2019$7.9 billion10.5%
2020$7.7 billion11.6%
2021$10.9 billion11.7%
2022$15 billion12.4%
2023$13.3 billion11.9%
2024$14 billion12.6%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Greece–Kazakhstan$4.2 billion · 30.4%
  2. Greece–Romania$3.1 billion · 22.4%
  3. Greece–Ukraine$2 billion · 14.3%
  4. Greece–Bulgaria$1.3 billion · 9.5%
  5. Greece–Azerbaijan$1.2 billion · 8.8%
  6. Greece–Turkey$1.1 billion · 7.8%
  7. Greece–Russia$633 million · 4.5%
  8. Greece–Moldova$139 million · 0.99%
  9. Greece–Georgia$119 million · 0.86%
  10. Greece–Armenia$51 million · 0.37%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$4.3 billion · 30.5%
  2. Refined petroleum$2.5 billion · 18.2%
  3. Natural gas and LPG$1.2 billion · 8.8%
  4. Wheat$235 million · 1.7%
  5. Toys$159 million · 1.1%
  6. Corn$153 million · 1.1%
  7. Petroleum coke and bitumen$140 million · 1%
  8. Mixed fertilizers$140 million · 1%
  9. Copper wire$133 million · 0.95%
  10. Glass bottles and jars$122 million · 0.87%

Reference ports

Piraeus (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

The Bosporus and the Dardanelles are counted together: they are the two gates between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.

All maritime chokepoints