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How much of India’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $94.4 billion of India’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 13.2% of its seaborne trade. That is $48.8 billion of exports and $45.7 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Russia, Italy and the United States.

Summary

Estimated value
$94.4billion
Of its seaborne trade
13.2%
Exports
$48.8billion
Imports
$45.7billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

India’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar fell 23% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • India 94.4

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$20.6 billion35.2%
1996$22.4 billion34.6%
1997$24 billion35.9%
1998$24.5 billion35.7%
1999$27.2 billion34.3%
2000$25 billion34.9%
2001$25.3 billion36.2%
2002$29.3 billion36.1%
2003$31.7 billion33.8%
2004$39.8 billion31.2%
2005$50.8 billion31.9%
2006$58.3 billion25.4%
2007$60.2 billion22.1%
2008$79.8 billion21.1%
2009$69.4 billion21.9%
2010$85.7 billion20.1%
2011$105.9 billion19.9%
2012$115 billion21.5%
2013$117.3 billion22.1%
2014$115.4 billion21.6%
2015$101 billion23.8%
2016$89.9 billion23.3%
2017$104.7 billion22.6%
2018$119.9 billion22.3%
2019$123.3 billion23.8%
2020$101.5 billion24.1%
2021$143.8 billion23.3%
2022$191.7 billion23.6%
2023$182.9 billion25.5%
2024$94.4 billion13.2%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. India–Russia$23 billion · 24.3%
  2. India–Italy$9.3 billion · 9.8%
  3. India–United States$8.5 billion · 9%
  4. India–France$8.1 billion · 8.6%
  5. India–Turkey$6.7 billion · 7.1%
  6. India–Spain$5.5 billion · 5.8%
  7. India–Germany$3.1 billion · 3.3%
  8. India–Egypt$2.6 billion · 2.8%
  9. India–United Kingdom$2.2 billion · 2.3%
  10. India–Austria$1.7 billion · 1.8%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$21.4 billion · 22.7%
  2. Refined petroleum$6.7 billion · 7.1%
  3. Auto parts$2.2 billion · 2.4%
  4. Coal$1.9 billion · 2%
  5. Sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oil$1.4 billion · 1.5%
  6. Medicines in measured doses or retail packs$1.1 billion · 1.2%
  7. Unwrought aluminum$1.1 billion · 1.1%
  8. Cars$886 million · 0.94%
  9. Transmission shafts, gears and gearboxes$840 million · 0.89%
  10. Hot-rolled flat steel$817 million · 0.86%

Reference ports

Nhava Sheva (Mumbai) (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints