How dependent is the United Kingdom on the Netherlands?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• The Netherlands sells 40.9% of what the world exports of live plants and cuttings; next come Germany (8.1%), Italy (7.8%) and Canada (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 10.4 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 40.4% of what the world exports of cut flowers; next come Colombia (22.8%), Kenya (8.7%) and Ecuador (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 14.6 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 28.6% of what the world exports of cocoa butter; next come Indonesia (10.6%), Germany (10.2%) and Malaysia (9.1%). The rest of the world exported 24.4 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 3.9% of what the world exports of soybean oil; next come Argentina (44.4%), Brazil (10%) and Russia (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 85.7 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 27.5% of what the world exports of shelled eggs and egg yolks; next come Poland (9.1%), France (7.6%) and United States (6.8%). The rest of the world exported 10.6 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 76.9% of what the world exports of bulbs, tubers and rhizomes; next come Germany (3.9%), Poland (2.1%) and Chile (2%). The rest of the world exported 4.4 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 33.4% of what the world exports of multilayer paper and paperboard; next come Germany (15.2%), United States (7.8%) and Switzerland (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 11.8 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 40.4% of what the world exports of linoleum and textile-backed floor coverings; next come Russia (10.1%), China (9.1%) and Italy (9%). The rest of the world exported 10.5 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 56.2% of what the world exports of sensitized photographic paper and textiles, unexposed; next come China (15.4%), Germany (5.5%) and Belgium (3.6%). The rest of the world exported 59.7 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.
• The Netherlands sells 2.5% of what the world exports of natural phosphates; next come Morocco (25.4%), Jordan (20.2%) and Peru (11.5%). The rest of the world exported 3,407.7 times what the United Kingdom buys from the Netherlands.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

The United Kingdom is the Netherlands’ 6th-largest customer, with 4.9% of its exports.

• Trade between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
• Who does the United Kingdom rely on?
• Who does the Netherlands rely on?
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on China
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Norway
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on the United States
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Ireland
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Spain
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Switzerland
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Belgium
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Italy
• Dependence of the United Kingdom on Germany
• Trade profile of the United Kingdom
• Trade profile of the Netherlands
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.