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How much of Colombia’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $5.7 billion of Colombia’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 6.7% of its seaborne trade. That is $3.1 billion of exports and $2.5 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Turkey, Italy and India.

Summary

Estimated value
$5.7billion
Of its seaborne trade
6.7%
Exports
$3.1billion
Imports
$2.5billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Colombia’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar fell 8% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Colombia 5.7

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$1 billion6.1%
1996$1.2 billion6.4%
1997$1.3 billion6.8%
1998$1.5 billion8%
1999$982 million6.3%
2000$1 billion5.5%
2001$1.2 billion6.5%
2002$1.3 billion7.2%
2003$1.5 billion7.4%
2004$2 billion8.1%
2005$2.9 billion9.4%
2006$2.9 billion7.9%
2007$3.7 billion8.1%
2008$4 billion7.1%
2009$3.3 billion7%
2010$3.7 billion6.1%
2011$5.7 billion6.6%
2012$7.3 billion8%
2013$8.7 billion9.5%
2014$9.9 billion11%
2015$6 billion9%
2016$5.3 billion8.8%
2017$6.3 billion9.7%
2018$7.4 billion10.1%
2019$6.1 billion8.7%
2020$5.6 billion9.8%
2021$9.2 billion12%
2022$12.3 billion11.8%
2023$9.1 billion10.6%
2024$5.7 billion6.7%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Colombia–Turkey$1.2 billion · 20.7%
  2. Colombia–Italy$1.1 billion · 18.6%
  3. Colombia–India$843 million · 14.9%
  4. Colombia–Spain$579 million · 10.3%
  5. Colombia–Israel$314 million · 5.6%
  6. Colombia–Austria$221 million · 3.9%
  7. Colombia–Saudi Arabia$184 million · 3.2%
  8. Colombia–France$164 million · 2.9%
  9. Colombia–Russia$115 million · 2%
  10. Colombia–Ukraine$110 million · 1.9%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Coal$1.2 billion · 21.2%
  2. Crude petroleum$467 million · 8.3%
  3. Bananas$353 million · 6.3%
  4. Coffee$223 million · 3.9%
  5. Coke$205 million · 3.6%
  6. Cars$139 million · 2.5%
  7. Live cattle$99 million · 1.8%
  8. Refined petroleum$90 million · 1.6%
  9. Semi-finished steel$77 million · 1.4%
  10. Auto parts$67 million · 1.2%

Reference ports

Cartagena (87%) and Buenaventura (13%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints