How dependent is Afghanistan on Pakistan?

and 26 more

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Pakistan sells 10.1% of what the world exports of rice; next come India (29.3%), Thailand (17.2%) and Vietnam (10.5%). The rest of the world exported 89.5 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.71% of what the world exports of cane and beet sugar; next come Brazil (47.2%), Thailand (6.2%) and India (4.9%). The rest of the world exported 187.8 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.1% of what the world exports of medicines in measured doses or retail packs; next come Germany (13.2%), Switzerland (9%) and Italy (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 2,830.2 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 2.4% of what the world exports of cement; next come Turkey (9.6%), Vietnam (9.5%) and Egypt (7.1%). The rest of the world exported 176.7 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 2.4% of what the world exports of potatoes; next come France (21.6%), Netherlands (15.1%) and Germany (14.2%). The rest of the world exported 127.3 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.13% of what the world exports of other food preparations; next come United States (13.8%), Germany (9.2%) and Singapore (8.3%). The rest of the world exported 1,278.6 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.77% of what the world exports of aluminum cans, drums and containers; next come Germany (10.7%), United States (10.1%) and Czechia (6.8%). The rest of the world exported 173 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.86% of what the world exports of citrus fruit; next come Spain (21.7%), South Africa (13.7%) and China (8.6%). The rest of the world exported 403.2 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.27% of what the world exports of fiberboard (MDF); next come Germany (15.1%), China (10.4%) and Turkey (8.5%). The rest of the world exported 374.2 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.
• Pakistan sells 0.52% of what the world exports of hydrogenated fats and oils; next come Indonesia (32%), Malaysia (17.6%) and Netherlands (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 195.5 times what Afghanistan buys from Pakistan.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Afghanistan is Pakistan’s 7th-largest customer, with 4.1% of its exports.

• Trade between Afghanistan and Pakistan
• Who does Afghanistan rely on?
• Who does Pakistan rely on?
• Dependence of Afghanistan on China
• Dependence of Afghanistan on Uzbekistan
• Trade profile of Afghanistan
• Trade profile of Pakistan
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.