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How much of Serbia’s trade passes through the Turkish Straits?

In 2024, an estimated $4.7 billion of Serbia’s trade passed through the Turkish Straits, 9.8% of its seaborne trade. That is $1.5 billion of exports and $3.2 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Turkey, Russia and Kazakhstan.

Summary

Estimated value
$4.7billion
Of its seaborne trade
9.8%
Exports
$1.5billion
Imports
$3.2billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Serbia’s estimated trade through the Turkish Straits rose 60% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Serbia 4.7

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$00%
1996$260 million6.5%
1997$372 million6.9%
1998$398 million7%
1999$277 million7.6%
2000$326 million8%
2001$427 million8.4%
2002$520 million8.2%
2003$421 million7.5%
2004$1.2 billion11.3%
2005$715 million8.6%
2006$1.6 billion12.4%
2007$2.1 billion11.3%
2008$2.6 billion11.8%
2009$1.5 billion10.6%
2010$1.7 billion10.8%
2011$2.4 billion11.6%
2012$2.3 billion12%
2013$2.9 billion12.2%
2014$2.4 billion10.2%
2015$2 billion9.4%
2016$1.9 billion8.7%
2017$2.5 billion9.6%
2018$2.7 billion9.4%
2019$2.9 billion9.6%
2020$2.4 billion8.4%
2021$3.3 billion8.6%
2022$3.9 billion8.7%
2023$3.8 billion8.5%
2024$4.7 billion9.8%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Serbia–Turkey$2.6 billion · 56.2%
  2. Serbia–Russia$645 million · 13.8%
  3. Serbia–Kazakhstan$621 million · 13.3%
  4. Serbia–Ukraine$354 million · 7.6%
  5. Serbia–Azerbaijan$214 million · 4.6%
  6. Serbia–Moldova$84 million · 1.8%
  7. Serbia–Kyrgyzstan$65 million · 1.4%
  8. Serbia–Uzbekistan$33 million · 0.71%
  9. Serbia–Armenia$24 million · 0.51%
  10. Serbia–Tajikistan$4 million · 0.09%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$668 million · 14.3%
  2. Refined copper$316 million · 6.8%
  3. Natural gas and LPG$304 million · 6.5%
  4. Cables and wire$107 million · 2.3%
  5. New tires$96 million · 2.1%
  6. Cigarettes and cigars$93 million · 2%
  7. Unrefined copper$85 million · 1.8%
  8. Buses$84 million · 1.8%
  9. Mixed fertilizers$84 million · 1.8%
  10. Iron ore$79 million · 1.7%

Reference ports

Bar (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

The Bosporus and the Dardanelles are counted together: they are the two gates between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.

All maritime chokepoints