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How much of Ghana’s trade passes through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore?

In 2024, an estimated $12.5 billion of Ghana’s trade passed through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, 45% of its seaborne trade. That is $2.4 billion of exports and $10.1 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are China, Japan and South Korea.

Summary

Estimated value
$12.5billion
Of its seaborne trade
45%
Exports
$2.4billion
Imports
$10.1billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Ghana’s estimated trade through the Strait of Malacca and Singapore rose 78% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Ghana 12.5

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$456 million15.9%
1996$530 million13.3%
1997$608 million13%
1998$590 million13.9%
1999$626 million14.2%
2000$447 million10.7%
2001$512 million11.3%
2002$536 million12.8%
2003$815 million15.9%
2004$1.1 billion20.4%
2005$1.2 billion15.2%
2006$1.4 billion16.9%
2007$2 billion18.2%
2008$2.5 billion20.1%
2009$2 billion19.8%
2010$2.5 billion21.1%
2011$4.2 billion20.3%
2012$5.9 billion26.9%
2013$5.4 billion26.1%
2014$6.6 billion27.6%
2015$6.1 billion29%
2016$5.4 billion31.7%
2017$6.9 billion32.1%
2018$7.4 billion32.8%
2019$7 billion27.2%
2020$9.9 billion44.7%
2021$8.8 billion29.6%
2022$8.2 billion26.4%
2023$8.4 billion29.9%
2024$12.5 billion45%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Ghana–China$11.5 billion · 92%
  2. Ghana–Japan$319 million · 2.6%
  3. Ghana–South Korea$227 million · 1.8%
  4. Ghana–Singapore$197 million · 1.6%
  5. Ghana–Thailand$145 million · 1.2%
  6. Ghana–Malaysia$65 million · 0.52%
  7. Ghana–Taiwan$36 million · 0.29%
  8. Ghana–Hong Kong$9 million · 0.07%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$1.3 billion · 10.1%
  2. Manganese ore$534 million · 4.3%
  3. Bulldozers and excavators$399 million · 3.2%
  4. Coated flat steel$286 million · 2.3%
  5. Rubber and plastic footwear$278 million · 2.2%
  6. Cocoa beans$229 million · 1.8%
  7. Pesticides and herbicides$210 million · 1.7%
  8. Motorcycles$202 million · 1.6%
  9. New tires$195 million · 1.6%
  10. Bags, suitcases and cases$190 million · 1.5%

Reference ports

Takoradi (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints