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How much of Ghana’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $2.6 billion of Ghana’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 9.2% of its seaborne trade. That is $1.3 billion of exports and $1.2 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Italy, Turkey and Spain.

Summary

Estimated value
$2.6billion
Of its seaborne trade
9.2%
Exports
$1.3billion
Imports
$1.2billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Ghana’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar rose 3% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Ghana 2.6

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$369 million12.9%
1996$458 million11.5%
1997$605 million12.9%
1998$558 million13.1%
1999$605 million13.8%
2000$605 million14.5%
2001$678 million15%
2002$643 million15.3%
2003$812 million15.8%
2004$803 million15.3%
2005$1 billion12.8%
2006$1.1 billion12.8%
2007$1.4 billion12.8%
2008$1.9 billion15.1%
2009$1.5 billion14.9%
2010$1.8 billion14.7%
2011$3.3 billion16.1%
2012$3.3 billion15.3%
2013$3 billion14.7%
2014$3.5 billion14.6%
2015$2.9 billion13.9%
2016$2.2 billion12.9%
2017$2.6 billion12.2%
2018$2.6 billion11.7%
2019$2.5 billion9.6%
2020$2.1 billion9.5%
2021$3 billion10.2%
2022$3 billion9.7%
2023$3.2 billion11.2%
2024$2.6 billion9.2%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Ghana–Italy$669 million · 26.2%
  2. Ghana–Turkey$509 million · 20%
  3. Ghana–Spain$350 million · 13.7%
  4. Ghana–France$262 million · 10.3%
  5. Ghana–Egypt$247 million · 9.7%
  6. Ghana–Bulgaria$110 million · 4.3%
  7. Ghana–Saudi Arabia$108 million · 4.2%
  8. Ghana–Austria$58 million · 2.3%
  9. Ghana–Ukraine$50 million · 1.9%
  10. Ghana–Malta$47 million · 1.8%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Crude petroleum$473 million · 18.5%
  2. Cocoa beans$259 million · 10.1%
  3. Cocoa paste$177 million · 7%
  4. Cement$140 million · 5.5%
  5. Unwrought aluminum$90 million · 3.5%
  6. Pasta$79 million · 3.1%
  7. Cocoa butter$66 million · 2.6%
  8. Polyethylene$62 million · 2.4%
  9. Stamps and banknotes$46 million · 1.8%
  10. Mixed fertilizers$42 million · 1.7%

Reference ports

Takoradi (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints