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How much of Turkmenistan’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $3 billion of Turkmenistan’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 19.6% of its seaborne trade. That is $1.7 billion of exports and $1.2 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Turkey, Azerbaijan and Greece.

Summary

Estimated value
$3billion
Of its seaborne trade
19.6%
Exports
$1.7billion
Imports
$1.2billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Turkmenistan’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar rose 411% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Turkmenistan 3

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$197 million30.3%
1996$291 million11%
1997$298 million14.5%
1998$188 million24.8%
1999$420 million18.3%
2000$909 million22%
2001$258 million9.2%
2002$332 million10.3%
2003$426 million12%
2004$595 million12.6%
2005$705 million11.5%
2006$528 million8.1%
2007$751 million9.2%
2008$1 billion9.1%
2009$1.1 billion17.9%
2010$1 billion17.5%
2011$1.2 billion10.4%
2012$1.7 billion9.6%
2013$1.7 billion9.6%
2014$1.6 billion8.7%
2015$939 million6.6%
2016$914 million8.1%
2017$801 million7.4%
2018$458 million4.7%
2019$578 million4.3%
2020$623 million5.2%
2021$618 million5.5%
2022$648 million4%
2023$463 million2.7%
2024$3 billion19.6%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Turkmenistan–Turkey$1.8 billion · 60.3%
  2. Turkmenistan–Azerbaijan$324 million · 11%
  3. Turkmenistan–Greece$275 million · 9.3%
  4. Turkmenistan–Ukraine$116 million · 3.9%
  5. Turkmenistan–Bulgaria$111 million · 3.8%
  6. Turkmenistan–Italy$87 million · 2.9%
  7. Turkmenistan–Georgia$66 million · 2.2%
  8. Turkmenistan–France$44 million · 1.5%
  9. Turkmenistan–Germany$26 million · 0.86%
  10. Turkmenistan–Romania$23 million · 0.77%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Refined petroleum$1.1 billion · 37.7%
  2. Natural gas and LPG$197 million · 6.7%
  3. Nitrogen fertilizers$136 million · 4.6%
  4. Crude petroleum$106 million · 3.6%
  5. Steel structures$63 million · 2.1%
  6. Cotton yarn$56 million · 1.9%
  7. Cables and wire$42 million · 1.4%
  8. Seamless steel pipes$33 million · 1.1%
  9. Poultry meat$29 million · 0.99%
  10. Potash fertilizers$28 million · 0.96%

Reference ports

Bandar Abbas (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints