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How much of Estonia’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $3.7 billion of Estonia’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 13% of its seaborne trade. That is $1.6 billion of exports and $2.2 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Italy, Turkey and Kazakhstan.

Summary

Estimated value
$3.7billion
Of its seaborne trade
13%
Exports
$1.6billion
Imports
$2.2billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

Estonia’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar fell 41% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • Estonia 3.7

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$544 million14.7%
1996$768 million17.2%
1997$1.1 billion18.6%
1998$1.2 billion19.4%
1999$1 billion18.7%
2000$1.2 billion18.5%
2001$1.4 billion21%
2002$1.6 billion22%
2003$2.1 billion23.5%
2004$2.4 billion21.9%
2005$3 billion21.5%
2006$4.2 billion22.8%
2007$4.8 billion23.3%
2008$4.6 billion22.1%
2009$3.4 billion22.5%
2010$4.1 billion23.5%
2011$5.7 billion24.2%
2012$5.5 billion24.9%
2013$5.1 billion23.1%
2014$6.7 billion26.7%
2015$4.6 billion24%
2016$4.5 billion23.4%
2017$5.3 billion23.6%
2018$6.2 billion24.4%
2019$6.3 billion26%
2020$6 billion25.3%
2021$7.7 billion24%
2022$8.6 billion24.2%
2023$6.7 billion23.2%
2024$3.7 billion13%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. Estonia–Italy$700 million · 18.8%
  2. Estonia–Turkey$519 million · 13.9%
  3. Estonia–Kazakhstan$244 million · 6.5%
  4. Estonia–Ukraine$231 million · 6.2%
  5. Estonia–China$225 million · 6%
  6. Estonia–Austria$221 million · 5.9%
  7. Estonia–Slovakia$192 million · 5.1%
  8. Estonia–Hungary$185 million · 5%
  9. Estonia–Romania$145 million · 3.9%
  10. Estonia–Uzbekistan$140 million · 3.8%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Cars$250 million · 6.7%
  2. Palm oil$135 million · 3.6%
  3. Chromium oxides$115 million · 3.1%
  4. Ferrous scrap$115 million · 3.1%
  5. Trucks$86 million · 2.3%
  6. Coal tar oils$69 million · 1.9%
  7. Transformers and power supplies$64 million · 1.7%
  8. Cheese$64 million · 1.7%
  9. Refined petroleum$63 million · 1.7%
  10. Welded steel pipes$59 million · 1.6%

Reference ports

Tallinn (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

All maritime chokepoints