How dependent is Saudi Arabia on Indonesia?

A product has a dominant supplier when a single country sells more than 50% of what is bought of it; we flag it separately above 75%.

• Indonesia sells 48.7% of what the world exports of palm oil; next come Malaysia (34.1%), Netherlands (2%) and Thailand (1.9%). The rest of the world exported 27.2 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 21.4% of what the world exports of wood charcoal; next come Laos (6%), Namibia (5.5%) and Vietnam (5.5%). The rest of the world exported 21.2 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 3.6% of what the world exports of pulp from recycled paper and other fibers; next come Thailand (31%), Malaysia (15.8%) and China (9.2%). The rest of the world exported 33.6 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 15.9% of what the world exports of writing and printing paper; next come Portugal (9.3%), China (8.4%) and Germany (6.9%). The rest of the world exported 200.6 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 2.2% of what the world exports of medicinal and aromatic plants; next come China (20.2%), India (12.4%) and Canada (7.7%). The rest of the world exported 118 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 33.9% of what the world exports of coconut and palm kernel oil; next come Philippines (26.6%), Malaysia (15.4%) and Netherlands (5.9%). The rest of the world exported 205.2 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 45.6% of what the world exports of cloves; next come Madagascar (34%), Tanzania (4.2%) and Comoros (3.3%). The rest of the world exported 14 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.
• Indonesia sells 18.2% of what the world exports of meal from other oilseeds; next come Canada (19.1%), Ukraine (10.2%) and Russia (6.6%). The rest of the world exported 385.8 times what Saudi Arabia buys from Indonesia.

Exports from the rest of the world already have buyers; the figure shows scale, not availability.

Saudi Arabia is Indonesia’s 15th-largest customer, with 1.2% of its exports.

• Trade between Saudi Arabia and Indonesia
• Who does Saudi Arabia rely on?
• Who does Indonesia rely on?
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on China
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Switzerland
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on India
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Brazil
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on the United States
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Canada
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Oman
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Sudan
• Dependence of Saudi Arabia on Argentina
• Trade profile of Saudi Arabia
• Trade profile of Indonesia
• All countries

Sources and licenses

• CEPII BACI · Licence Ouverte Etalab 2.0
• Natural Earth · Public domain

Methodology

The data come from CEPII BACI (Etalab 2.0 licence), which reconciles what the exporting and the importing country report, in current USD, FOB. Data up to 2024.

Dependence is the share of a country’s imports (or exports) that each partner accounts for. It does not measure whether a product has a substitute or how much it would cost to change supplier.

The concentration index (HHI) adds up the square of each partner’s share, in percent: it runs from 0 to 10,000. Its equivalent is 10,000 ÷ HHI, the number of partners of the same size that would give that value.

Products are HS4 headings of the 1992 nomenclature (some combine different goods), with a floor of $1 million per product and country.

The EU is the 27 current members in every year; the United Kingdom is outside the EU throughout the series.

Re-exports: countries that act as redistribution hubs carry their notice and the figures are not corrected.