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How much of North Macedonia’s trade passes through the Strait of Gibraltar?

In 2024, an estimated $5.4 billion of North Macedonia’s trade passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, 52.6% of its seaborne trade. That is $1.9 billion of exports and $3.5 billion of imports. The partners with the most trade through it are Germany, China and Poland.

Summary

Estimated value
$5.4billion
Of its seaborne trade
52.6%
Exports
$1.9billion
Imports
$3.5billion

Trend

Estimated value per year

North Macedonia’s estimated trade through the Strait of Gibraltar rose 41% between 2019 and 2024

Value in USD billions

  • North Macedonia 5.4

Source: CEPII BACI

Show the numbers
YearEstimated valueOf its seaborne trade
1995$996 million42.5%
1996$906 million45.7%
1997$990 million45.9%
1998$922 million46.1%
1999$872 million46.8%
2000$1.1 billion48.9%
2001$819 million46.7%
2002$823 million45.9%
2003$821 million39%
2004$1 billion36.8%
2005$1.3 billion40.1%
2006$1.5 billion37.9%
2007$2 billion37.4%
2008$2.6 billion40.4%
2009$1.6 billion36.7%
2010$1.8 billion35.7%
2011$2.1 billion34.4%
2012$1.9 billion35.4%
2013$2.1 billion39.7%
2014$2.6 billion42.9%
2015$2.7 billion45.2%
2016$2.6 billion43.4%
2017$2.6 billion42.6%
2018$3.8 billion45.5%
2019$3.9 billion46.5%
2020$3.3 billion43.4%
2021$3.7 billion42%
2022$4.2 billion41.2%
2023$4.4 billion42.8%
2024$5.4 billion52.6%

Partners whose trade crosses it

Estimated value of its trade with each partner that crosses the chokepoint; the percentage is the share of all its trade through the chokepoint, not of the pair’s trade.

  1. North Macedonia–Germany$1.8 billion · 33.4%
  2. North Macedonia–China$848 million · 15.6%
  3. North Macedonia–Poland$501 million · 9.2%
  4. North Macedonia–Czechia$380 million · 7%
  5. North Macedonia–United States$251 million · 4.6%
  6. North Macedonia–Belgium$213 million · 3.9%
  7. North Macedonia–Netherlands$212 million · 3.9%
  8. North Macedonia–United Kingdom$159 million · 2.9%
  9. North Macedonia–Switzerland$92 million · 1.7%
  10. North Macedonia–Russia$84 million · 1.5%

What crosses it

The products with the highest estimated value in 2024, with their share of the total through the chokepoint.

  1. Cables and wire$491 million · 9%
  2. Technical ceramics$322 million · 5.9%
  3. Cars$254 million · 4.7%
  4. Seats and chairs$240 million · 4.4%
  5. Buses$135 million · 2.5%
  6. Auto parts$112 million · 2.1%
  7. Hot-rolled flat steel$94 million · 1.7%
  8. Raw tobacco$85 million · 1.6%
  9. Mattresses, pillows and quilts$73 million · 1.3%
  10. Low-voltage switches and connectors$72 million · 1.3%

Reference ports

Thessaloniki (100%)

Each port with the weight it receives from the country’s trade, based on where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest.

Other chokepoints it uses

Sources and method

Sources and licenses

Methodology

We estimate the value crossing each chokepoint from BACI trade that travels by sea according to our mode heuristic, split between each country’s ports by where its GDP is generated and which coast is closest, and routed over our own sea network. It is an estimate, not a count of ships. It covers 99.9% of seaborne trade. The approach follows Verschuur, Lumma and Hall (Nature Communications, 2025). Data up to 2024.

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